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Xiangyu8/12/2023 ![]() The other account claimed that Xiang Yu was a descendant of a noble clan from the Lu state and his family had served in the Chu military for generations. His ancestors were granted the land of Xiang ( 項) by the king of Chu and had since adopted "Xiang" as their family name. The first claimed that Xiang Yu was from the house of Mi ( 羋), the royal family of the Chu state in the Zhou dynasty. There are two accounts of Xiang Yu's family background. Xiang Yu's subjects would sometimes have addressed him as " Xiang Wang" ( 項王 Xiàng Wáng Hsiang Wang Hong6 Wong4), which literally means "King Xiang". Since Xiang Yu's death, the term Ba Wang has come to be used specifically to refer to him. This title is sometimes simplified to " Ba Wang" ( 霸王 Bà Wáng Pa Wang Baa3 Wong4), without the link to "Western Chu". Xiang Yu is popularly known as " Hegemon-King of Western Chu" ( 西楚霸王 Xī Chǔ Bà Wáng Hsi Ch'u Pa Wang Sai1 Co2 Baa3 Wong4), which has been translated as "Overlord of Western Chu", " Hegemon-King of Western Chu", "Conqueror of Western Chu", "King of Kings of Western Chu", and other renditions. Xiang Yu's family name was Xiang ( Chinese: 項 pinyin: Xiàng Wade–Giles: Hsiang Jyutping: Hong6) while his given name was Ji ( 籍 Jí Chi Zik6) and his courtesy name was Yu ( 羽 Yǔ Yü Jyu5). Xiang Yu is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu ( 無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang. He engaged Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty, in a long struggle for power, known as the Chu–Han Contention, which concluded with his eventual defeat at the Battle of Gaixia and his suicide. After the fall of Qin, Xiang Yu was enthroned as the "Hegemon-King of Western Chu" ( 西楚霸王) and ruled a vast area covering modern-day central and eastern China, with Pengcheng as his capital. The following year, he led the Chu forces to victory at the Battle of Julu against the Qin armies led by Zhang Han. He was granted the title of "Duke of Lu" ( 魯公) by King Huai II of the restoring Chu state in 208 BC. A noble of the Chu state, Xiang Yu rebelled against the Qin dynasty and became a prominent warlord. 232–202 BC), born Xiang Ji ( Chinese: 項籍 pinyin: Xiàng Jí), was the Hegemon-King (Chinese: 霸王, Bà Wáng) of Western Chu during the Chu–Han Contention period (206–202 BC) of China. All rights reserved.Xiang Yu ( Chinese: 項羽 pinyin: Xiàng Yǔ, c. PTSD amygdala engram fear extinction fear memory memory neural circuits reward valence.Ĭopyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. Thus, fear extinction memory is a newly formed reward memory. Furthermore, these two neuronal subsets are mutually interchangeable in driving reward behaviors and fear extinction behaviors. ![]() Activation of fear extinction engram neurons and natural reward-responsive neurons overlap significantly in the BLA. ![]() Here we demonstrate that a fear extinction memory engram is formed and stored in a genetically distinct basolateral amygdala (BLA) neuronal population that drives reward behaviors and antagonizes the BLA's original fear neurons. However, little is known about the nature and the site of formation and storage of this new extinction memory. ![]() Fear extinction is thought to take place when animals form a new memory that suppresses the original fear memory. The ability to extinguish conditioned fear memory is critical for adaptive control of fear response, and its impairment is a hallmark of emotional disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ![]()
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